Symptom: Odour

Prevotella spp. in the vagina

Prevotella species are a group of bacteria that live in the mouth and vagina, and can cause infections, particularly in the gums, lungs, sinuses and ears, and wounds. Prevotella species associated with vulvovaginal or urogenital infections include:

Proteus mirabilis urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections

Proteus mirabilis is a bacteria that commonly causes urinary tract infections and can contribute to bacterial vaginosis.

Lactobacillus crispatus in the vagina

Strong vaginal coloniser, considered a protective bacteria​1​ (for the most part), helps protect against sexually transmitted infections and other pathogens, while helping restore healthy flora after infection/imbalance​2​. Positive indicator of vaginal health. L. crispatus is used by the food industry to produce lactase, the enzyme that breaks down lactose. Causes positive effect on vaginal cells

Neisseria gonorrhoeae vulvovaginal infections (gonorrhoea)

Mobiluncus spp. vulvovaginal infections

Contributes to preterm birth Acetic acid producer (may have vinegar odour) May Gram stain gram-variable Mobilis – capable of movement, activeUncus – hookMobiluncus – a curved rod that can move, motile curved rod

Mobiluncus mulieris vulvovaginal infection

Contributes to preterm birth Acetic acid producer (may have vinegar odour) May Gram stain gram-variable Mobilis – capable of movement, active Uncus – hook Mobiluncus – a curved rod that can move, motile curved rod

Helicobacter pylori vulvovaginal infections

Helicobacter pylori is most commonly associated with stomach ulcers, but it can affect other areas of the body like the vagina, urinary tract, and mouth.

Eggerthella lenta vulvovaginal infections

Acetic acid producer, may cause vinegar odour

Ureaplasma parvum vulvovaginal infections

Ureaplasma parvum is found in the human genital tract, and can be either a commensal or a pathogen, depending on various factors.

Ureaplasma urealyticum vulvovaginal infections

U. urealyticum can be a commensal, but can cause inflammation in the vagina and urinary tract.

Bacteroides vulgatus

Urease Positive (Ammonia), causes cellular inflammation

Bacteroides ureolyticus vulvovaginal infections

Causes inflammation of cells, contributes to preterm birth, urease positive (produces ammonia)

Bacteroides spp. vulvovaginal infections

Causes inflammation of cells, contributes to pre-term birth, urease positive (produces ammonia)

BVAB 1 (Bacterial Vaginosis Associated Bacterium 1) vulvovaginal infections

(Mobiluncus?)

Enterococcus faecium vulvovaginal infections

Escherichia coli urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections

Escherichia coli is found in most mammals, with most strains harmless (or even probiotic), but others cause food poisoning, urinary tract infections, and vulvovaginal infections.

Aspergillus niger vulvovaginal infections

Aspergillus niger is a fungus normally found in soil and fruit and vegetables, but increasingly is being discovered in vaginal and cervical fluids.

Aspergillus fumigatus vulvovaginal infections

Aspergillus fumigatus is a fungus. Read more about vulvovaginal Aspergillus infections.

Aspergillus flavus vulvovaginal infections

Aspergillus flavus is a fungus. Read more about vulvovaginal Aspergillus infections.

Actinomyces viscosus vulvovaginal and pelvic infections

Actinomyces viscosus is an uncommon cause of pelvic infections, such as cervicitis or bacterial vaginosis, in humans.