Tissue Affected: Urinary Tract

Enterobacter cloacae in the urinary tract and vagina

E. cloacae is a commensal of the digestive tract, but is known to cause urinary tract and other infections.

Klebsiella oxytoca in urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections

K. oxytoca is a commensal bacteria normally found in the gut and respiratory tract of humans, however is an emerging pathogen.

Serratia marcescens urinary tract infections

Serratia marcescens is commonly associated with hospital-acquired urinary tract and other infections. 

Prevotella spp. in the vagina

Prevotella species are a group of bacteria that live in the mouth and vagina, and can cause infections, particularly in the gums, lungs, sinuses and ears, and wounds. Prevotella species associated with vulvovaginal or urogenital infections include:

Chryseobacterium spp. vulvovaginal and urinary tract infections

Chryseobacterium species are a known human pathogen with low virulence, but very resistant to antibiotics, making it a nuisance in hospitals. Anyone with severe underlying disease, catheters or other devices is at risk of infection by Chryseobacterium species, but generally, this bacteria stays clear of the vagina and urinary tract in women. Chryseobacterium indologenes was the

Lactobacillus spp.

Many areas of the human body are colonised with different species of lactobacilli, including the digestive system, vulvovaginal area, and urinary tract.

Proteus vulgaris urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections

Proteus vulgaris typically lives in the digestive tract of humans, causing infections in wounds and as opportunity arises, infections in the urinary tract. 

Proteus mirabilis urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections

Proteus mirabilis is a bacteria that commonly causes urinary tract infections and can contribute to bacterial vaginosis.

Micrococcus luteus vulvovaginal and urinary tract infections

Micrococcus luteus is a cause of urinary tract and other forms of infection in humans, and is multi-drug resistant.

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep) vulvovaginal infections

Group A Strep – Streptococcus pyogenes – can cause respiratory, skin, vagina and urinary tract infections.

Helicobacter pylori vulvovaginal infections

Helicobacter pylori is most commonly associated with stomach ulcers, but it can affect other areas of the body like the vagina, urinary tract, and mouth.

Ureaplasma parvum vulvovaginal infections

Ureaplasma parvum is found in the human genital tract, and can be either a commensal or a pathogen, depending on various factors.

Chlamydia trachomatis vulvovaginal infections

Ureaplasma urealyticum vulvovaginal infections

U. urealyticum can be a commensal, but can cause inflammation in the vagina and urinary tract.

Enterococcus faecalis vulvovaginal infection

Enterococcus faecalis is naturally extremely hardy and highly antibiotic resistant, causing aerobic vaginitis and urinary tract infections.

Escherichia coli urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections

Escherichia coli is found in most mammals, with most strains harmless (or even probiotic), but others cause food poisoning, urinary tract infections, and vulvovaginal infections.

Acinetobacter lwoffii urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections

Acinetobacter lwoffii is found in about 25 per cent of healthy people in the nose and throat and skin, however has been implicated in pathogenic infections, particularly UTIs.

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus is an emerging hospital-acquired infection that can develop biofilms and can cause urinary tract infections. 

Acinetobacter baumannii in urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacteria, known to be a pathogen particularly in immunocompromised people in hospitals.