(Prior to 1961, formerly Neisseria haemolysins)
- May be easily confused with gram-negative or gram-variable
- May appear like Neisseria due to adjacent sides flattening
- Best growth at 35-37°C, does not grow below 10°C or above 45°C, sensitive to dry and moist heat
- Prefers aerobic conditions but is a facultative anaerobe1
- Commensal of oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, and other mucous membranes i.e. vagina
- Found in dental plaque and in the nose
- Opportunistic pathogen
- Immunocompromised hosts see worse/more infections
- Damaged tissue more susceptible to infection
- Found in blood culture from endocarditis, spinal fluid of those with meningitis and brain abscess and knee arthroplasty2
- Doesn’t survive well outside of host (i.e. on surfaces or clothing)
- Susceptible to wide variety of antibiotics
- Name Gemellus comes from Latin word gemini, meaning twins, due to the diplococcus nature of the bacteria
- Produces acetic (vinegar) and lactic acid without oxygen and a mixture of acetic acid and CO2 in the presence of oxygen1
References
MSDS – Gemella haemolysans – PATHOGEN SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES
- 1.Stackebrandt E, Wittek B, Seewaldt E, Schleifer KH. Physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic studies onGemella haemolysans. FEMS Microbiology Letters. Published online April 1982:361-365. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1982.tb08288.x
- 2.García-Lechuz JM, Cuevas-Lobato O, Hernángomez S, et al. Extra-abdominal infections attributable to Gemella species. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. Published online March 2002:78-82. doi:10.1016/s1201-9712(02)90142-6
| Condition type | Bacteria |
|---|---|
| Affected systems | |
| Sexually Transmissible | |
| Genitourinary Incidence | uncommon |
| Age group affected |
Microbial information
| Anaerobe / Aerobe | Facultative anaerobe/aerobe |
|---|---|
| Gram stain | Gram-positive |
| Best tests to detect | |
| Pathogen of | Commensal of (Can naturally inhabit, but not necessarily as a healthy addition) |
|
| Optimal growth pH | |
| Conditions correlated with |
|
| Cellular adherence capacities | |
| Found in healthy vaginas | No |
| Biofilm-forming capacities | |
| Cellular Morphology |
|
| Microbe Motility | |
| Colony Colour | |
| Substances Produced | |
| Sexually Transmissible |
What are the symptoms of Gemella haemolysans in the genitourinary tract?
- No symptoms found for Gemella haemolysans in the genitourinary tract, yet.
What causes Gemella haemolysans in the genitourinary tract?
- No causes found for Gemella haemolysans in the genitourinary tract, yet.
What are the risk factors associated with Gemella haemolysans in the genitourinary tract?
- No risk factors for Gemella haemolysans in the genitourinary tract, yet.
How do you diagnose Gemella haemolysans in the genitourinary tract?
- No diagnoses found for Gemella haemolysans in the genitourinary tract, yet.
How do you treat Gemella haemolysans in the genitourinary tract?
Treatments for Gemella haemolysans in the genitourinary tract are only for practitioners and people who purchased the book Killing BV and Killing BV for men.
Which treatments are likely to be ineffective for Gemella haemolysans in the genitourinary tract?
What complications are associated with Gemella haemolysans in the genitourinary tract?
- No complications found for Gemella haemolysans in the genitourinary tract, yet.