Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the vagina

Isolated from the human vagina, and associated with human infections (lung, ear, eye, genital tract and others). Pathogen or commensal.

Fastidious (hard to grow). HACEK organism that can cause heart inflammation and infection.

Has been found as a sexually transmitted pathogen in men who have sex with men¹.

Can produce acid from mannose. Not favoured by temperatures over 35C.

Study and case reports²
Antibiotic susceptibility³
Builds biofilms^4–7

References

1.
Hsu M-S, Wu M-Y, Lin T-H, Liao C-H. Haemophilus parainfluenzae urethritis among homosexual men. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. Published online August 2015:450-452. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2012.11.007
2.
Oill PA. Adult Bacteremic Haemophilus parainfluenzae Infections. Arch Intern Med. Published online September 1, 1979:985. doi:10.1001/archinte.1979.03630460025011
3.
Mayo JB, McCarthy LR. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Published online May 1, 1977:844-847. doi:10.1128/aac.11.5.844
4.
Pang B, Swords WE. Haemophilus parainfluenzae Strain ATCC 33392 Forms Biofilms In Vitro and during Experimental Otitis Media Infections. Payne SM, ed. Infect Immun. Published online July 3, 2017. doi:10.1128/iai.01070-16
5.
Kosikowska U, Korona-Głowniak I, Niedzielski A, Malm A. Nasopharyngeal and Adenoid Colonization by Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in Children Undergoing Adenoidectomy and the Ability of Bacterial Isolates to Biofilm Production. Medicine. Published online May 2015:e799. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000000799
6.
Kosikowska U, Rybojad P, Stępień–Pyśniak D, Żbikowska A, Malm A. Changes in the prevalence and biofilm formation of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae from the respiratory microbiota of patients with sarcoidosis. BMC Infect Dis. Published online August 26, 2016. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1793-7
7.
Kosikowska U, Andrzejczuk S, Plech T, Malm A. Inhibitory effect of 1,2,4-triazole-ciprofloxacin hybrids on Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Haemophilus influenzae biofilm formation in vitro under stationary conditions. Research in Microbiology. Published online October 2016:647-654. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2016.05.009

Condition type	Bacteria
Affected systems	Reproductive, Respiratory
Sexually Transmissible	yes
Genitourinary Incidence	uncommon
Age group affected	birth to death

Microbial information

Anaerobe / Aerobe	Facultative anaerobe
Gram stain	Gram-negative
Best tests to detect
Pathogen of	Mouth Nose Throat Vagina Blood Systemic
Commensal of (Can naturally inhabit, but not necessarily as a healthy addition)	Mouth Nose Throat
Optimal growth pH
Conditions correlated with	General human infection Sexually transmitted infection (STI) Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Cellular adherence capacities
Found in healthy vaginas	No
Biofilm-forming capacities	High
Cellular Morphology	Coccobacillus (between round and rod-shaped)
Microbe Motility	Non-motile
Colony Colour	Yellowish Transparent
Substances Produced
Sexually Transmissible	Yes

What are the symptoms of Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the vagina?

Yet to be determined

What causes Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the vagina?

No causes found for Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the vagina, yet.

What are the risk factors associated with Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the vagina?

No risk factors for Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the vagina, yet.

How do you diagnose Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the vagina?

No diagnoses found for Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the vagina, yet.

How do you treat Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the vagina?

Treatments for Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the vagina are only for practitioners and people who purchased the book Killing BV and Killing BV for men.

Which treatments are likely to be ineffective for Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the vagina?

Multi-drug resistance (MDR)

What complications are associated with Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the vagina?

No complications found for Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the vagina, yet.