Staphylococcus epidermidis in the vagina

Isolated from human samples. Commensal skin flora and sometimes mucosal flora. Not typically pathogenic, can be opportunistic in those with compromised immunity, typically within a hospital setting. Problems with catheters and surgical implants and biofilms. Often contaminates samples because it lives on skin so is easy to pick up inadvertently when taking samples. ^​1​

• Staphylococcus = bunch of grape-like berries
• Epidermidis = of the epidermis, skin

Very hardy. Can grow by aerobic respiration or fermentation. Some strains do not ferment.

Produces urease, can use glucose, sucrose, lactose to form acid products. With lactose, produces gas. Cannot break down gelatin.

Cell walls have transferrin-binding protein to obtain iron from transferrin. A surface protein binds to transferrin and removes its iron.

Forms biofilms, made of sulfated polysaccharides, allowing other bacteria to join into biofilms, creating multiple layers. These biofilms reduce metabolic activity of bacteria held inside, making antibiotics largely ineffective. Occurs readily on catheters and medical prosthetics, dialysis and plastic implants. ^​2​

S. epidermidis strains are usually resistant to antibiotics, especially those in the gut.

Found in acne-affected pores on the skin, where it goes from being non-pathogenic to pathogenic. But, can act in a friendly way and reduce inflammation and protect skin.

References