Streptococcus vestibularis is a bacteria associated with the mouth, not usually associated with vulvovaginal or dental disease. S. vestibularis is considered a normal inhabitant of the mouth, but has been found in infections in the vestibule of the mouth (the space between the lips and cheeks (soft tissue) and the teeth and gums).
S. vestibularis belongs to the S. salivarius group (often used to make yoghurt), being a viridans group streptococci (VGS). S. vestibularis has been isolated from human infections, with case reports of dental, heart valve and other infections. VGS are also found in the genitourinary tract.
Any microbe that does well in the mouth may also survive in the vagina or reproductive tract, since the mucosa and environments are somewhat similar. VGS are known to acidity their immediate environment, which is important to note in the vagina, as it may add to S. vestibularis being a useful commensal rather than a pathogen as such, though as always, symptoms depend on a collection of factors.
Viridans group streptococci have not been well described in research in terms of vulvovaginal or reproductive tract infections. One study (Rabe, Winterscheid and Hillier, 1998) examined almost 500 pregnant women, with 30 per cent (147 women) culture positive for VGS.
- Thirty-seven of the 90 women with bacterial vaginosis in the group of pregnant women tested positive for VGS (41 per cent).
- Out of the 392 women who had predominant lactobacilli flora, 110 were culture positive for VGS (28 per cent).
- When an analysis of the most frequently isolated species from the vagina was performed, S. vestibularis was not one of them.
VGS are an important group of bacteria for the upper respiratory tract, and are listed as a frequent contaminant that rarely cause infection.
S. vestibularis does well at body temperature, being mesophilic – 20 to 45 °C (68 to 113 °F).
S. vestibularis ferments:
(Meaning can use as an energy source)
- N-acetylglucosamine
- Amygdalin (most strains)
- Arbutin
- Cellobiose (most strains)
- Fructose
- Galactose
- Glucose
- Lactose
- Maltose
- Mannose
- Salicin
- Sucrose
S. vestibularis does NOT ferment:
(Meaning cannot use as an energy source)
- Adonitol
- Arabinose
- Dextrin
- Dulcitol
- Fucose
- Glycerol
- Glycogen
- Inositol
- Inulin
- Mannitol
- Melezitose
- Melibiose
- Raffinose
- Ribitol
- Ribose
- Sorbitol
- Starch
- Xylose
| Condition type | Bacteria |
|---|---|
| Affected systems | Reproductive, Respiratory |
| Sexually Transmissible | |
| Genitourinary Incidence | rare |
| Age group affected |
|
Microbial information
| Anaerobe / Aerobe | Aerobe |
|---|---|
| Gram stain | Gram-positive |
| Best tests to detect |
|
| Pathogen of |
| Commensal of (Can naturally inhabit, but not necessarily as a healthy addition) |
|
| Optimal growth pH |
|
| Conditions correlated with |
|
| Cellular adherence capacities | Medium |
| Found in healthy vaginas | Possibly |
| Biofilm-forming capacities | |
| Cellular Morphology |
|
| Microbe Motility | Non-motile |
| Colony Colour |
|
| Substances Produced | |
| Sexually Transmissible | No |
What are the symptoms of Streptococcus vestibularis vulvovaginal infections?
What causes Streptococcus vestibularis vulvovaginal infections?
- No causes found for Streptococcus vestibularis vulvovaginal infections, yet.
What are the risk factors associated with Streptococcus vestibularis vulvovaginal infections?
- No risk factors for Streptococcus vestibularis vulvovaginal infections, yet.
How do you diagnose Streptococcus vestibularis vulvovaginal infections?
- No diagnoses found for Streptococcus vestibularis vulvovaginal infections, yet.
How do you treat Streptococcus vestibularis vulvovaginal infections?
Treatments for Streptococcus vestibularis vulvovaginal infections are only for practitioners and people who purchased the book Killing BV and Killing BV for men.
Which treatments are likely to be ineffective for Streptococcus vestibularis vulvovaginal infections?
- No resistances found for Streptococcus vestibularis vulvovaginal infections, yet.
What complications are associated with Streptococcus vestibularis vulvovaginal infections?
- No complications found for Streptococcus vestibularis vulvovaginal infections, yet.
References
Rabe LK, Winterscheid KK, Hillier SL. Association of viridans group streptococci from pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis and upper genital tract infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1988;26(6):1156-1160. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2454943/Simsek AD, Sezer S, Ozdemir NF, Mehmet H. Streptococcus vestibularis bacteremia following dental extraction in a patient on long-term hemodialysis: a case report. NDT Plus. 2008;1(4):276-277. doi:10.1093/ndtplus/sfn071Doern CD, Burnham CA. It's not easy being green: the viridans group streptococci, with a focus on pediatric clinical manifestations. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(11):3829-3835. doi:10.1128/JCM.01563-10 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3020876/Nakajima T, Nakanishi S, Mason C, et al. Population structure and characterization of viridans group streptococci (VGS) isolated from the upper respiratory tract of patients in the community. Ulster Med J. 2013;82(3):164-168. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3913407/http://www.antimicrobe.org/b241_tab.htmdoi:10.13145/bacdive14794.20191129.4.1 doi: 10.1093/nar/gky879https://tgw1916.net/Streptococcus/vestibularis.html
