Resistance: Multi-drug resistance (MDR)

Staphylococcus hominis in the urogenital tract

S. hominis is found all over the place, being an opportunistic pathogen, though found as a harmless commensal on the skin.

Enterobacter cloacae in the urinary tract and vagina

E. cloacae is a commensal of the digestive tract, but is known to cause urinary tract and other infections.

Acinetobacter ursingii in the vagina

Isolated from the human vagina​1​. Opportunistic human pathogen​2​. Study​3​ Study​4​ References

Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the vagina

H. parainfluenzae is a known human pathogen that can cause infection in the genital tract.

Ureaplasma spp.

Ureaplasma species are tiny microbes capable of being both a commensal and a pathogen.

Klebsiella oxytoca in urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections

K. oxytoca is a commensal bacteria normally found in the gut and respiratory tract of humans, however is an emerging pathogen.

Propionibacterium acnes vulvovaginal infections

Propionibacterium acnes is found as a normal part of the microflora of the skin, eye, ear, mouth and upper respiratory tract, with occasional findings in the intestine, urinary tract, and vagina. P. acnes is commonly associated with acne lesions, and can cause infections around the body. Anyone with a device (implants, catheter) may be at risk, but

Prevotella spp. in the vagina

Prevotella species are a group of bacteria that live in the mouth and vagina, and can cause infections, particularly in the gums, lungs, sinuses and ears, and wounds. Prevotella species associated with vulvovaginal or urogenital infections include: Prevotella amnii Prevotella bivia Prevotella buccalis Prevotella corporis Prevotella disiens Prevotella intermedia

Mycobacterium spp. vulvovaginal and urinary tract infections

The genus Mycobacterium has over 190 species within it, with many serious human pathogens. We cover only a fraction of these in this database, since most do not cause vulvovaginal or urinary tract infections in humans (that we are aware of, yet). Mycobacterium smegmatis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium are slow growing, fastidious microbes that are not

Finegoldia magna vulvovaginal infections

F. magna is a known vaginal pathogen causing bacterial vaginosis and other symptoms, though it can also be a commensal.

Chryseobacterium spp. vulvovaginal and urinary tract infections

Chryseobacterium species are a known human pathogen with low virulence, but very resistant to antibiotics, making it a nuisance in hospitals. Anyone with severe underlying disease, catheters or other devices is at risk of infection by Chryseobacterium species, but generally, this bacteria stays clear of the vagina and urinary tract in women. Chryseobacterium indologenes was the

Lactobacillus fermentum vulvovaginal colonisation

Lactobacillus fermentum is a bacteria found harmlessly in sourdough, fermenting foods, and the vulvovaginal area in women (considered probiotic), with some less friendly strains found in dental cavities in the mouth. Lactobacillus fermentum has sometimes been mistaken for what is now known as Lactobacillus reuteri, a well-known and researched vulvovaginal and urinary tract probiotic.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a bacteria typically found living in the mouth, nose, or skin without causing any harm. Some strains of Staph have become antibiotic resistant, and are now classified as ‘superbugs’, with MRSA infections very difficult to treat with regular antibiotic methods. Methicillin is a synthetic form of penicillin used on staphylococci that

Staphylococcus aureus vulvovaginal infections

Staphylococcus aureus, also known as golden staph, is one of the most common skin infections of humans. Vaginal colonisation is a bit less common, but does happen, as part of aerobic vaginitis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause vulvovaginal and urinary tract infections, but tends to prefer other locations on the human body to infect.

Proteus mirabilis urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections

Proteus mirabilis is a bacteria that commonly causes urinary tract infections and can contribute to bacterial vaginosis.

Prevotella bivia in the vagina

Prevotella bivia is found in many human infections, including the vagina, contributing to bacterial vaginosis and pelvic inflammatory disease. 

Peptostreptococcus spp. vulvovaginal infections

Peptostreptococcus species harmlessly inhabit our mouths, skin, intestines, vagina, and urinary tract, but under stress or a compromised immune system, can become pathogenic.

Mycoplasma genitalium vulvovaginal infection

Causes inflammation to cells

Mycobacterium tuberculosis female genital/reproductive organ infection