Symptom: Yet to be determined

The following conditions may cause yet to be determined:

Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the vagina

H. parainfluenzae is a known human pathogen that can cause infection in the genital tract.

Citrobacter koseri vulvovaginal and urinary tract infections

Citrobacter koseri is considered normal microflora of the human digestive tract, but can be an opportunistic pathogen, causing sometimes serious, antibiotic-resistant infections and abscesses.

Enterobius vermicularis vaginal, urinary tract and pelvic infection

Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis) usually infect the intestine, with the eggs highly transmissible, entering via the mouth. Kids are typically the most affected, however anyone can get worms. Vaginal infection isn’t common, but many case reports identify pinworms in the vagina. Read more about pinworms in the vagina and female reproductive tract

Shigella dysenteriae vulvovaginal infections

Shigella dysenteriae can cause vulvovaginal infections in girls and women, along with other Shigella species.

Serratia marcescens urinary tract infections

Serratia marcescens is commonly associated with hospital-acquired urinary tract and other infections.

Salmonella enterica vulvovaginal infections

Salmonella enterica is a food-borne pathogen usually not associated with pelvic infections, however it has occured in the past.

Pseudomonas spp. urinary tract infections

Pseudomonas is a genus made up of a group of bacteria that are easy to study, because they grow in a wide range of conditions. The main vulvovaginal/urinary tract pathogen in this group is Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Propionibacterium acnes vulvovaginal infections

Propionibacterium acnes is found as a normal part of the microflora of the skin, eye, ear, mouth and upper respiratory tract, with occasional findings in the intestine, urinary tract, and vagina. P. acnes is commonly associated with acne lesions, and can cause infections around the body. Anyone with a device (implants, catheter) may be at risk, but

Prevotella spp. in the vagina

Prevotella species are a group of bacteria that live in the mouth and vagina, and can cause infections, particularly in the gums, lungs, sinuses and ears, and wounds. Prevotella species associated with vulvovaginal or urogenital infections include:

Porphyromonas spp.

Porphyromonas is a genus known to have pathogenic and commensal species that create part of the salivary microbiome. Because the mouth and vagina share many characteristics, these bacteria may be found in the urogenital tract. Porphyromonas asaccharolytica Porphyromonas endodontalis Porphyromonas gingivalis

Mycobacterium spp. vulvovaginal and urinary tract infections

The genus Mycobacterium has over 190 species within it, with many serious human pathogens. We cover only a fraction of these in this database, since most do not cause vulvovaginal or urinary tract infections in humans (that we are aware of, yet). Mycobacterium smegmatis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium are slow growing, fastidious microbes that are not

Granulicatella elegans vulvovaginal infection

Granulicatella elegans is an uncommon human infection that is most commonly associated with heart infections (endocarditis). Vulvovaginal infections are rare, as are urinary tract infections, caused by Granulicatella elegans.

Finegoldia magna vulvovaginal infections

F. magna is a known vaginal pathogen causing bacterial vaginosis and other symptoms, though it can also be a commensal.

Eggerthella hongkongensis vulvovaginal and urinary tract infections

Eggerthella hongkongensis is a commensal bacteria found commonly in the human digestive tract, however recently this species of Eggerthella has been found to be responsible for severe infections. There is currently no reports of Eggerthella hongkongensis in vulvovaginal or urinary tract infections, however it may be part of a group of emerging pathogens.

Chryseobacterium spp. vulvovaginal and urinary tract infections

Chryseobacterium species are a known human pathogen with low virulence, but very resistant to antibiotics, making it a nuisance in hospitals. Anyone with severe underlying disease, catheters or other devices is at risk of infection by Chryseobacterium species, but generally, this bacteria stays clear of the vagina and urinary tract in women. Chryseobacterium indologenes was the

Catonella spp. vulvovaginal colonisation and infection

There is just one known species of Catonella, being Catonella morbi. Catonella morbi is rarely associated with bacterial vaginosis and other vaginal infections and vaginal dysbiosis, but two papers report associations with vulvovaginal infections where Catonella morbi was present. Catonella may contribute to vaginal dysbiosis that may cause preterm birth. Catonella species can be found in the mouth and

Aerococcus spp. urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections

Aerococcus species are an emerging human pathogenic group of bacteria, with several problematic bacteria in its ranks. A. urinae A. sanguinicola A. viridans A. urinae causes urinary tract infections, while A. sanguinicola has been identified in human urine and blood. Aerococci have been mistaken for streptococci in labs, causing an underestimation of their pathogenic potential. PCR

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a bacteria typically found living in the mouth, nose, or skin without causing any harm. Some strains of Staph have become antibiotic resistant, and are now classified as ‘superbugs’, with MRSA infections very difficult to treat with regular antibiotic methods. Methicillin is a synthetic form of penicillin used on staphylococci that

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep, GBS)

GBS can harmlessly inhabit the vagina, sometimes causing infections and unpleasant symptoms, though this remains controversial between practitioners.

Staphylococcus aureus vulvovaginal infections

Staphylococcus aureus, also known as golden staph, is one of the most common skin infections of humans. Vaginal colonisation is a bit less common, but does happen, as part of aerobic vaginitis.