Treatment: Latest antibiotic recommendations

Staphylococcus hominis in the urogenital tract

S. hominis is found all over the place, being an opportunistic pathogen, though found as a harmless commensal on the skin.

Enterobacter cloacae in the urinary tract and vagina

E. cloacae is a commensal of the digestive tract, but is known to cause urinary tract and other infections.

Ureaplasma spp.

Ureaplasma species are tiny microbes capable of being both a commensal and a pathogen.

Klebsiella granulomatis in urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections

Klebsiella granulomatis causes a condition known as granuloma inguinale, which results in inflammation and scarring of the genitals.

Citrobacter koseri vulvovaginal and urinary tract infections

Citrobacter koseri is considered normal microflora of the human digestive tract, but can be an opportunistic pathogen, causing sometimes serious, antibiotic-resistant infections and abscesses.

Propionibacterium acnes vulvovaginal infections

Propionibacterium acnes is found as a normal part of the microflora of the skin, eye, ear, mouth and upper respiratory tract, with occasional findings in the intestine, urinary tract, and vagina. P. acnes is commonly associated with acne lesions, and can cause infections around the body. Anyone with a device (implants, catheter) may be at risk, but

Mycobacterium spp. vulvovaginal and urinary tract infections

The genus Mycobacterium has over 190 species within it, with many serious human pathogens. We cover only a fraction of these in this database, since most do not cause vulvovaginal or urinary tract infections in humans (that we are aware of, yet). Mycobacterium smegmatis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium are slow growing, fastidious microbes that are not

Granulicatella elegans vulvovaginal infection

Granulicatella elegans is an uncommon human infection that is most commonly associated with heart infections (endocarditis). Vulvovaginal infections are rare, as are urinary tract infections, caused by Granulicatella elegans. 

Finegoldia magna vulvovaginal infections

F. magna is a known vaginal pathogen causing bacterial vaginosis and other symptoms, though it can also be a commensal.

Chryseobacterium spp. vulvovaginal and urinary tract infections

Chryseobacterium species are a known human pathogen with low virulence, but very resistant to antibiotics, making it a nuisance in hospitals. Anyone with severe underlying disease, catheters or other devices is at risk of infection by Chryseobacterium species, but generally, this bacteria stays clear of the vagina and urinary tract in women. Chryseobacterium indologenes was the

Neisseria gonorrhoeae vulvovaginal infections (gonorrhoea)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae vulvovaginal infection

Cause of pneumonia respiratory infections, rare cause of genital ulcers, can be found in vaginal fluid. Causes inflammation of cells.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis female genital/reproductive organ infection

Mobiluncus curtisii vulvovaginal infections

Contributes to preterm birth Acetic acid producer (may have vinegar odour) May Gram stain gram-variable Mobilis – capable of movement, active Uncus – hook Mobiluncus – a curved rod that can move, motile curved rod

Ureaplasma parvum vulvovaginal infections

Ureaplasma parvum is found in the human genital tract, and can be either a commensal or a pathogen, depending on various factors.

Ureaplasma urealyticum vulvovaginal infections

U. urealyticum can be a commensal, but can cause inflammation in the vagina and urinary tract.

Finegoldia spp. vulvovaginal infections

See Finegoldia magna, formerly known as Peptostreptococcus magnus. 

Fannyhessea vaginae (formerly Atopobium vaginae) vulvovaginal infections

Atopobium vaginae has a negative effect on vaginal cells, causing inflammation, being highly associated with recurrent bacterial vaginosis, most often found with Gardnerella vaginalis.

Actinomyces viscosus vulvovaginal and pelvic infections

Actinomyces viscosus is an uncommon cause of pelvic infections, such as cervicitis or bacterial vaginosis, in humans.