Eggerthella hongkongensis vulvovaginal and urinary tract infections
Eggerthella hongkongensis is a commensal bacteria found commonly in the human digestive tract, however recently this species of Eggerthella has been found to be responsible for severe infections. There is currently no reports of Eggerthella hongkongensis in vulvovaginal or urinary tract infections, however it may be part of a group of
Chryseobacterium spp. vulvovaginal and urinary tract infections
Chryseobacterium species are a known human pathogen with low virulence, but very resistant to antibiotics, making it a nuisance in hospitals. Anyone with severe underlying disease, catheters or other devices is at risk of infection by Chryseobacterium species, but generally, this bacteria stays clear of the vagina and urinary tract in
Catonella spp. vulvovaginal colonisation and infection
There is just one known species of Catonella, being Catonella morbi. Catonella morbi is rarely associated with bacterial vaginosis and other vaginal infections and vaginal dysbiosis, but two papers report associations with vulvovaginal infections where Catonella morbi was present. Catonella may contribute to vaginal dysbiosis that may cause preterm birth. Catonella species can be
Fournier gangrene (necrotising fasciitis) – flesh-eating disease of the vulva
Fournier's gangrene is a type of necrotising fasciitis, which is also known terrifyingly as a flesh-eating disease caused by bacteria. Signs include areas of the vulva turning black.
Aerococcus spp. urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections
Aerococcus species are an emerging human pathogenic group of bacteria, with several problematic bacteria in its ranks. A. urinae A. sanguinicola A. viridans A. urinae causes urinary tract infections, while A. sanguinicola has been identified in human urine and blood. Aerococci have been mistaken for streptococci in labs, causing an underestimation
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a bacteria typically found living in the mouth, nose, or skin without causing any harm. Some strains of Staph have become antibiotic resistant, and are now classified as ‘superbugs’, with MRSA infections very difficult to treat with regular antibiotic methods. Methicillin is a synthetic form of
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep, GBS)
GBS can harmlessly inhabit the vagina, sometimes causing infections and unpleasant symptoms, though this remains controversial between practitioners.
Staphylococcus aureus vulvovaginal infections
Staphylococcus aureus, also known as golden staph, is one of the most common skin infections of humans. Vaginal colonisation is a bit less common, but does happen, as part of aerobic vaginitis.
Sneathia sanguinegens (formerly Leptotrichia sanguinegens)
Sneathi sanguinegens contributes to bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth, and may contribute to urethritis in men who do not have any other diagnosis.
Sneathia vaginalis (formerly Sneathia amnii)
Sneathia amnii is cytotoxic to vaginal cells and kills eukaryotic cells (like mitochondria) in culture, while also contributing to preterm birth.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae vulvovaginal infections
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast that can inhabit the vagina, but is most famous for fermentation in wine, baking bread and brewing beer, with vulvovaginitis uncommon, but more likely to occur more in women who work in or near someone who works in a bakery or brewery.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections
Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause vulvovaginal and urinary tract infections, but tends to prefer other locations on the human body to infect.
Proteus vulgaris urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections
Proteus vulgaris typically lives in the digestive tract of humans, causing infections in wounds and as opportunity arises, infections in the urinary tract.
Proteus mirabilis urinary tract and vulvovaginal infections
Proteus mirabilis is a bacteria that commonly causes urinary tract infections and can contribute to bacterial vaginosis.
Hoylesella timonensis (formerly Prevotella timonensis) vulvovaginal infections
Prevotella timonensis commonly lives in healthy mouths and vaginal tracts, but is an opportunistic pathogen, sometimes leading to unpleasant symptoms, like bacterial vaginosis or abscesses in the mouth.
Prevotella intermedia vulvovaginal infections
P. intermedia is involved in mouth infections, is found more in pregnant women, and may be involved with bacterial vaginosis.
Prevotella disiens vulvovaginal infections
Prevotella disiens was formerly known as part of Bacteroides disiens. P. disiens is most commonly found in the mouth, and has been related to bacterial vaginosis.
Prevotella corporis vulvovaginal infections
A member of the Prevotella species that can contribute to infections in the vagina and reproductive tract of women, such as bacterial vaginosis, and in the mouth.
Prevotella buccalis vulvovaginal infections
Prevotella buccalis naturally lives in the mouth and vagina, but is considered an opportunistic pathogen, and is associated with bacterial vaginosis.
Prevotella bivia in the vagina
Prevotella bivia is found in many human infections, including the vagina, contributing to bacterial vaginosis and pelvic inflammatory disease.