To embark on a sulfur elimination diet, allow 5-7 days, though expect to start seeing results within 1-3 days.
Leaving enough time for your system to settle is useful when determing sensitivity to sulfur, as reducing overall sulfur levels will occur over multiple days. But, you may want to expand your testing of foods, so give yourself a few weeks for challenges.
Some symptoms may worsen in the first couple of days on the sulfur elimination diet, so expect the unexpected and keep going.
The goal is NOT to exclude sulfur from your diet – you need it – but to work out if you are indeed hitting your limits for sulfur, and need to work on your sulfur pathway. Limiting sulfur is a short-term stop-gap solution to help reduce symptoms.
If you eat a LOT of sulfur-containing foods, perhaps you will find the sweet spot where you still get to enjoy your favourite foods, but just a little less to avoid symptoms.
Searchable sulfur foods list
Food Name | Sulphur (S) (mg) |
---|---|
Abalone | Very high |
Alcoholic beverage, spirit (Brandy, Gin, Rum, Vodka and Whisky) | Very low |
Almond Milk | Low |
Apples (raw) | Low |
Avocado | Low |
Baked beans, canned in tomato sauce | Low |
Bamboo shoots | Low |
Bar, cherry & coconut centre, dark chocolate-coated | Low |
Bar, coconut cream centre, milk chocolate-coated | Low |
Bar, honeycomb centre, milk chocolate-coated | Low |
Bar, muesli, with nuts, plain or with dried fruit | Low |
Bar, nougat & caramel centre, milk chocolate-coated | Low |
Barley, pearl, boiled, no added fat or salt | Low |
Barley, pearl, uncooked | Moderate |
Barramundi | High |
Bean, haricot, dried | High |
Bean, haricot, dried, boiled, drained | Low |
Bean, lima, dried | Moderate |
Bean, lima, dried, boiled, drained | Low |
Bean, red kidney, canned, drained | Low |
Bean, red kidney, dried | High |
Bean, red kidney, dried, boiled, drained | Low |
Beef, casserole meat | High |
Beef, steak | High |
Beer | Very low |
Beer, full strength (alcohol 4-4.9% v/v) | Low |
Beverage base, drinking chocolate, unfortified | Low |
Beverage, chocolate flavour, from drinking chocolate, with regular fat cows milk | Low |
Biscuit, savoury, from rye flour, crispbread | Moderate |
Biscuit, savoury, from wheat flour | Moderate |
Biscuit, savoury, from white wheat flour, plain snack cracker style | Low |
Biscuit, savoury, from white wheat flour, Salada style | Low |
Biscuit, savoury, from white wheat flour, water cracker style | Moderate |
Biscuit, savoury, from wholemeal wheat flour, crispbread | Moderate |
Biscuit, savoury, rice cake, from brown rice, plain | Moderate |
Biscuit, savoury, rice cracker, seaweed flavoured | High |
Blackberry, raw | Low |
Bread roll, from white flour | Moderate |
Bread roll, wholemeal flour | High |
Bread, flat (pita or Lebanese) | Moderate |
Bread, from white flour | Moderate |
Bread, gluten free | Low |
Bread, mixed grain | High |
Bread, organic | High |
Bread, white flour | High |
Breakfast cereal | High |
Breakfast cereal, cornflakes | Low |
Breakfast cereal, mixed grain (wheat & oat & rice | Low |
Breakfast cereal, mixed grain (wheat, rice & oat) | Low |
Breakfast cereal, wheat bran, flakes, sultanas | Moderate |
Broccoli | High |
Broccolini | Moderate |
Brussels sprouts | High |
Bun, sweet, with dried fruit, uniced | Moderate |
Butter | Low |
Cabbage | High |
Cake, lamington, unfilled | Low |
Cake, plain butter cake | Low |
Caramels, soft & hard | Low |
Carrots | Low |
Cauliflower | High |
Celery | Low |
Cheese, cream, plain | Low |
Cheese, goat | High |
Cheese, mozzarella | High |
Chickpea, garbanzo bean, canned, drained | Low |
Chickpea, garbanzo bean, dried | High |
Chickpea, garbanzo bean, dried, boiled, drained | Low |
Chocolate | High |
Chocolate, compound, cooking | Low |
Chocolate, dark, high cocoa solids | Low |
Chocolate, milk | Low |
Chocolate, white | Low |
Chutney or relish, commercial | Low |
Cinnamon | Low |
Cocoa powder | High |
Coconut (fresh or not preserved with sulphur, check label) | Low |
Coconut Milk | Low |
Coconut milk, juice, and oil | High |
Coconut, fresh, mature fruit, flesh | Low |
Coconut, grated & desiccated | Low |
Coffee | High |
Coffee, black | Very low |
Coffee, instant, dry powder or granules | High |
Coffee, instant, dry powder or granules, decaffeinated | High |
Cone, wafer style, for ice cream | Moderate |
Confectionery, chocolate centre, sugar-coated | Low |
Cordial | Very low |
Coriander, basil, thyme, rosemary | Low |
Corn | Low |
Cornmeal (polenta), boiled, no added fat or salt | Low |
Cornmeal (polenta), uncooked | Low |
Couscous, boiled, no added fat or salt | Low |
Couscous, uncooked | High |
Cream | Low |
Cream, sour | Low |
Croissant, plain | Moderate |
Crumpet, from white flour, toasted | Low |
Dairy – milk, cheese, cream, sour cream | High |
Dark Leafy Greens | High |
Dates | Low |
Doughnut, dusted with cinnamon & sugar | Low |
Doughnut, iced | Low |
Dressing, French or Italian, regular fat, commercial | Low |
Dressing, thousand island, regular fat, commercial | Low |
Duck, lean flesh, baked, no added fat | High |
Duck, lean flesh, raw | High |
Duck, lean flesh, skin & fat, baked, no added fat | High |
Duck, lean flesh, skin & fat, raw | Moderate |
Duck, skin & fat, baked, no added fat | High |
Duck, skin & fat, raw | Low |
Egg | High |
Eggplant | Low |
Figs | Low |
Fish | High |
Fish finger | High |
Flour, arrowroot | Very low |
Flour, chickpea (besan) | High |
Flour, rice | Low |
Flour, rye | Low |
Flour, spelt | High |
Flour, wheat, wholemeal, plain | Moderate |
Flour, wheat, wholemeal, self-raising | Moderate |
Fruit drink, apple juice | Very low |
Fruit drink, orange juice | Very low |
Garlic | High |
Gelatine, all types | Very high |
Gherkin/Pickled Cucumber pickled, drained, commercial | Low |
Grapefruit | Low |
Gravy powder, dry mix | High |
Gravy, prepared from dry powder with water | Low |
Hamburger, white roll, beef patty, with salad, independent takeaway outlet | High |
Horseradish | High |
Ice confection, stick, milk-based, various flavours | Low |
Jelly, sugar sweetened, all flavours, prepared | Very low |
Juice, apple & blackcurrant, commercial | Very low |
Juice, orange | Very low |
Kingfish, yellowtail | High |
Kiwifruit, gold, peeled, raw | Low |
Lamb | High |
Lamb, steak, boneless, lean, raw | Moderate |
Lasagne, beef, commercial, purchased frozen, baked | Moderate |
Leeks | High |
Lemons | Low |
Lime | Low |
Liquorice, black | High |
Liquorice, chocolate-coated | Moderate |
Lobster, southern rock, wild, flesh, purchased steamed or boiled | High |
Lobster, southern rock, wild, flesh, raw | High |
Lolly, sweets, hard varieties | Very low |
Mayonnaise, traditional (greater than 65% fat), commercial | Low |
Meats contain cysteine (sulphur), but lowest are Liver, Bacon – organic, Turkey, Sardines, Salmon (higher fat = lower sulphur), Oysters, Prawns | Check |
Milk, cow | Low |
Mineral water | Very low |
Muesli, untoasted or natural style, added dried fruit, unfortified | High |
Muffin, cake-style, berry, commercial | Low |
Muffin, English style, from white flour | Moderate |
Muffin, English style, from white flour, toasted | High |
Mushroom | Low |
Mustard leaves/ Mustard/radish flowers | High |
Mustard powder | Very high |
Mustard, cream style | High |
Noodle, wheat | Low |
Noodle, wheat, instant, flavoured, dry, uncooked | High |
Nut, almond meal | High |
Nut, brazil, raw or blanched, unsalted | High |
Nut, cashew, raw, unsalted | High |
Nut, hazelnut, raw, unsalted | High |
Nut, macadamia, raw, unsalted | High |
Nut, peanut, with skin, raw, unsalted | High |
Nut, peanut, without skin, roasted, with oil, salted | High |
Nut, peanut, without skin, roasted, with oil, unsalted | High |
Nut, pecan, raw, unsalted | Moderate |
Nut, pine, raw, unsalted | Moderate |
Nut, pistachio, raw, unsalted | High |
Nut, walnut, raw, unsalted | Moderate |
Oats | Low |
Oil | Very low |
Olive, green or black, drained | Low |
Onions | High |
Oyster, aquacultured, raw | High |
Oyster, native, aquacultured, raw | High |
Oyster, Pacific, aquacultured, raw | High |
Oyster, Sydney rock, aquacultured, raw | High |
Pasta in cream based sauce, dry mix | High |
Pasta, gluten free, boiled from dry, no added salt | Low |
Pasta, white wheat flour & egg, boiled from dry, no added salt | Low |
Pasta, white wheat flour & spinach, dry | Moderate |
Pasta, white wheat flour, dry | Moderate |
Pasta, white wheat flour, fresh, boiled, no added salt | Low |
Pasta, white wheat flour, fresh, uncooked | Moderate |
Pasta, wholemeal wheat flour, boiled from dry, no added salt | Low |
Pasta, wholemeal wheat flour, dry | High |
Paste, soybean | Moderate |
Pastry, filo | High |
Pastry, puff | Low |
Pastry, shortcrust style | Low |
Pea, split, dried | High |
Pea, split, dried, boiled, drained | Low |
Peaches | Low |
Pear, nashi | Very low |
Pears | Low |
Pie, savoury, meat | Moderate |
Pizza | Moderate |
Plums | Low |
Pork | High |
Pork, leg steak (rump), loin chop chop, roast, medallian, round mini roast, scotch roast, separate fat | Low |
Prawn | High |
Pumpkin, all varieties | Low |
Rabbit, farmed, whole, raw | High |
Rabbit, flesh, casseroled, no added fat | High |
Radish | High |
Raspberry, purchased frozen | Low |
Raspberry, raw | Low |
Red & white meats | High |
Red hot peppers | High |
Rice Milk | Low |
Rice, brown, boiled, no added salt | Low |
Rice, brown, uncooked | Moderate |
Rice, white, uncooked | Low |
Rocket/Arugula | High |
Salmon | High |
Salmon, red, canned in brine, drained | High |
Salt + Pepper | Low |
Sardine, Australian, whole, fried, no added fat | High |
Sardine, Australian, whole, raw | Low |
Sauce, barbecue, commercial | Low |
Sauce, pasta, tomato-based, commercial, heated | Low |
Sauce, soy | Low |
Sauce, tomato, commercial | Low |
Sauce, Worcestershire, commercial | High |
Sausage roll | Moderate |
Scone, plain, commercial | Moderate |
Seaweed, boiled, drained | High |
Seaweed, nori, dried | Very high |
Seed, sunflower | High |
Semolina, boiled, no added fat or salt | Low |
Semolina, uncooked | Moderate |
Shallots | High |
Shark | High |
Soft drink, cola flavour | Very low |
Soup, broth style, with meat & noodles, instant dry mix | Moderate |
Soup, chicken & noodle, cup of soup | Very low |
Soy beverage | Low |
Spaghetti in tomato & cheese sauce, canned | Low |
Spaghetti in tomato & cheese sauce, canned, reduced salt | Low |
Spelt, boiled, no added fat or salt | Moderate |
Spelt, uncooked | High |
Spinach | High |
Sprat | High |
Spread, hazelnut & chocolate flavoured | Low |
Spread, marmite and vegemite | High |
Sprout, alfalfa, fresh, raw | Low |
Stock, dry powder or cube | High |
Supps – N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) | High |
Supps – Chondroitin sulfate | High |
Supps – Milk thistle | High |
Supps – Chlorella | High |
Supps – DMSA | High |
Supps – Epsom salt baths | High |
Supps – Glucosamine sulfate | High |
Supps – Glutathione | High |
Supps – MSM | High |
Supps – Alpha Lipoic Acid | High |
Sweet corn | Low |
Sweet potato | Low |
Tahini, sesame seed pulp | High |
Tapioca, pearl or seed style, boiled | Very low |
Tapioca, pearl or seed style, uncooked | Low |
Tart, custard, commercial | Low |
Tomato, sundried | High |
Trout | High |
Tumeric (good at raising thiol levels) | High |
Tuna | High |
Turkey | High |
Vinegar (except balsamic vinegar) | Very low |
Water, soda or tap | Very low |
Watercress | High |
Wine, fortified, port | Low |
Wine, fortified, sherry, dry style or sweet | Low |
Wine, red | Low |
Wine, rose | Low |
Wine, white | Low |
Wine, white, sparkling | Low |
Yeast, dry powder | High |
Yoghurt, soy | Low |
Zucchini | Low |
Moderate |
Doing the sulfur elimination diet
Week 1
Ensure you have plenty of meal and snack options at hand, since the low sulfur diet is also low protein. Many proteins have sulfur-containing amino acids. This can mean you get hungrier and are less satiated when you do eat.
Include plenty of satiating foods like fats, oils and filling foods. Stay hydrated, and if you’re feeling hungry, drink a big glass of water. It’ll help temporarily.
Week 2
If you don’t notice any change in symptoms, sulfur is probably not your problem, so you do not need this diet any longer. Return to your usual diet and seek advice from a healthcare practitioner. There are other elimination diets you can try, if you’re sure there’s a problem, but you’re not sure which food.
If your symptoms do improve on the sulfur elimination diet, you can start to slowly reintroduce foods and see how you feel.
Sulfur: for 1-4 days, eat multiple servings of high-sulfur foods across each day. If your symptoms return during these days, return to a low-sulfur diet and wait for symptoms to calm down again.
Grains: If you want to test your tolerance to grains, test these separately to sulfur by adding them in alone while on a low-sulfur diet. Beware that quinoa and buckwheat contain sulfur. Wheat and other gluten-containing grains should be added separately as they can be a problem on their own.
Other foods (dairy, nuts, soy, eggs): If you want to test some other foods, try these one a time while on a diet that you’re not reacting to. If you suspect you’re intolerant to these items, remove them during your elimination diet and then reintroduce them to test. Use the same regime as above. Remember that these all contain sulfur.
Most grains are low in sulfur, but it’s very useful to avoid all grains until doing a challenge on each one, since gut microbiome imbalances and overgrowth due to starches in grains can be an issue for many who are sulfur intolerant.
Rice isn’t as problematic and can be eaten in small amounts – 1/2 cup per meal. If you don’t tolerate foods on the list that should be ok, please avoid them.
I’m sulfur intolerant – what next?
The main component we want to work on is your sulfur metabolism and detoxification. We do this using certain supplements and detoxification methods like Epsom salt baths (magnesium sulfate). Talk to your practitioner about your options.
Once you are actively supporting your sulfur metabolism and detoxification, you’ll need to work out what your tolerance is by increasing intake slowly and seeing where you hit the threshold and develop symptoms. With the right support, you should be able to eat many more sulfur-containing foods than you could in your sulfur test during week 2.
Low-sulfur meal ideas
Breakfast ideas
- Smoothie: 1 cup of water, 1/4 avocado, 1/2 banana, 6 macadamia nuts, 1/2 tsp cinnamon, honey to taste, rice/pea protein powder
- Fresh cucumber, celery, beet, carrot, orange or apple juice
- Fresh fruit (any allowed) and 12 macadamia nuts
- ½-1 sliced avocado with 1 orange, peeled and cut into chunks, drizzled with olive oil and sea salt
- Banana, apple with macadamia nut butter
- Sweet potato, grated and cooked in olive oil, sea salt and fresh herbs, smoked salmon/sardines for protein
Main meal ideas
- PROTEIN: salmon, dark meat poultry with roasted carrots, sweet potato, squash, other low sulfur vegetables, cooked in olive oil, salt, pepper, fresh herbs
- SALAD: Romaine or other lettuce greens with low sulfur vegetables, fruits, pepitas, sunflower seeds, avocado, olive oil, lemon juice, salt, pepper, fresh herbs
- RICE: Long grain, jasmine rice with crushed macadamia nuts and pepitas, fruit, cinnamon, rice milk
References
The Australian Food Composition Database